BACKGROUND

The provision of free elementary education is one of the priority programs of the government identified in the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan for 2001-2004. The provision of school education by the government carries with it the responsibility to provide facilities by which education will be delivered.

The appropriation for school education in calendar years 2001-2002 for the implementation of the Department of Education (DepEd) is P169.385 billion, the highest among all agencies, representing 12.73% of the total government budget. Of the total budget, P1.609 billion was allocated for the procurement of textbooks. For school year 2001-2002, there were 11,927,480 elementary students enrolled throughout the country distributed in 16 regions. Of the total students, 27,081 were enrolled in 16 schools within the Division of Mandaluyong City.

The adequacy of textbooks largely relating to quantity access has been a long standing issue for a number of years. Newspaper articles, budget debates and the July 23, 2001 State of the Nation Address (SONA) of President Gloria Arroyo highlighted the importance of the provision of education including textbooks to improve the quality of education.

The access of student to textbooks has an impact both on the effectiveness of the education system and the educational opportunities available to students. The importance of textbooks as a tool in the learning process has been recognized by the government. For this reason, the provision of textbook was included in the Social Expenditure Management Project (SEMP) I of the government funded by the World Bank and implemented by the DepEd Main Office in coordination with the field offices (Region, Division and District Offices). Of the total loan amount of P2.963 billion for the education component, P1.648 billion was allocated for the procurement of textbooks. SEMP I was intended to be implemented from February 2000 to December 30, 2002.

SEMP I aims to produce 25,000,000 textbooks for elementary and high school students by the end of 2002 to achieve a 1:2 textbook-student ratio. The projected quantity of 25,000,000 to be procured under the loan was computed by the DepEd based on an estimated cost of P70 to P80 per book. The books were however actually acquired at a lower cost of P30 to P40 resulting in the procurement of more books than the targeted quantity.

The DepEd’s objective for SY 2001-2002 was to move to a textbook pupil ratio of 1: 1 in five priority subjects (Science, Math, English, Filipino and Social Studies) for Grades 1 to IV. The textbook pupil ratio in School Year 1999-2000 as reflected in the briefing materials for the proposed DepEd’s budget for calendar year 2001 was 1:5.

As of August 2002, approximately 42,213,558 books for elementary and secondary students nationwide had been contracted by the DepEd to be funded under SEMP I of which 9,586,889 were allocated for elementary students within the National Capital Region (NCR).

As the financing agency for SEMP I, the World Bank assesses the implementation and progress of the project on an on-going basis. In one of their Assessment Reports it was noted that, there has been a number of long standing problems in the distribution and utilization of textbooks under the project including procurement and receipt, financial reporting, communication links between the Central and Regional Offices and links between planning and financial management functions. The absence of a reliable, integrated and timely information system was also reported to be a major weakness.

In addition to the loan secured to finance SEMP I, the Division Offices including the Division of Mandaluyong, also procure textbooks from their own appropriation for Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE).

In order to further ensure the delivery of education resources, the Special Education Fund (SEF) under the Local Government Units (LGUs) was created under Republic Act. No. 5447 enacted by the Philippine Congress in 1969, for the purpose of providing additional financial support for education facilities and services as provided by the constitution. Among the activities to be undertaken through SEF is the procurement of textbooks.

Using SEF, the City Government of Mandaluyong procure textbooks for the use of schools under its jurisdiction.

The funding of textbooks for the educational needs of the DepEd National Capital Region is therefore being funded through three sources. SEMP I, the Divisional MOOE and the SEF. This sectoral audit focused on evaluating whether thru the implementation of these programs, the government’s objective of attaining 1:1 textbook pupil ratio for Grades I to IV had been attained. In the process, the team assessed the operations of the different agencies involved in meeting this objective by determining the textbook requirements and monitoring the progress of the program.

AUDIT OBJECTIVE

The audit objective was to assess whether the implementation of Semp I and Sef have been effectively managed to contribute to the effective achievement of the government’s objective of providing quality education thru the provision of textbooks considering the determination of the textbook requirements and distribution of available books.

AUDIT SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

The audit covered the implementation of the textbook component of SEMP I and SEF considering the determination of the textbook requirements and distribution of available books for Grades 1 to 4 from January 2001 to September 2002 intended for School Year 2001-2002. The agencies included in the audit were the DepEd Main Office, DepEd NCR and the Division Offices and LGUs in the Cities of Quezon, Caloocan and Mandaluyong.

As of audit date, the total textbooks allocated for elementary students from SEMP I for the Division of Mandaluyong was 70,795. Procurement of textbooks by the Division Office from January 2001 to September 2002 amounted to P3.9 million while the procurement by the City Government out of SEF for the same period amounted to P12.033 million.

The performance of the Division Office was assessed using the following criteria:

1. Established Policies and Guidelines;
2. Sound Risk Management Process;
3. Appropriate Manpower Resourcing;
4. Comprehensive Performance Monitoring Framework;
5. Effective Relationship/Coordination of Government Offices.

During the audit, the team performed the following procedures, among others;

1. Reviewed existing policies and guidelines on the determination of textbook requirements and distribution of available textbooks;

2. Interviewed personnel involved in the implementation of SEMP I and SEF;

3. Reviewed accomplishment/annual reports, work plan and other relevant reports pertaining to the implementation of SEMP I and SEF;

4. Assessed the Risk Management Process in place;

5. Reviewed and evaluated the roles and responsibilities of agencies involved in the implementation of SEMP I and SEF;

6. Inspected selected schools and assessed the sufficiency of textbooks provided to students;

7. Analyzed the existing textbook condition based on available records;

8. Determined if the actions taken by the agencies involved in the implementation of SEMP I and SEF are coordinated;

9. Assessed the adequacy of trainings/seminars and performance/ accomplishments of personnel involved in the implementation of SEMP I and SEF; and

10. Assessed the extent of the implementation of SEMP I and SEF against program objectives.

The audit was conducted from July 18 to October 31, 2002 pursuant to COA Assignment Order No. 2002-023 dated July 18, 2002. The results of the audit were discussed with the City Administrator, the Division Superintendent and other City Government and Division Office Officials on October 28, 2002.

AUDIT CONCLUSION

The DepEd, thru the Division Office and the City Government of Mandaluyong have not effectively managed the implementation of SEMP I and SEF thru the determination of the textbook requirements and distribution of available books contributing in a failure to attain the government’s objective of achieving a 1:1 textbook pupil ratio in five priority subjects for Grades 1 to 4.

In the Division of Mandaluyong, while books in English subject for Grades 3 and 4 are still insufficient as of September 2002, books in all other subjects for Grades 1 to 4 exceeded the textbook requirements by 97,445. The insufficiency of books in this subject reduces the effectiveness of the education services provided to students and wasted limited and valuable government resources.

The excess books were among those procured by the Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (IMCS) under SEMP I, by the Division Office out of MOOE and by the City Government of Mandaluyong out of SEF.

At the time of audit, while there are excess books in all subjects except English, some schools did not have sufficient books due to inequitable distribution of textbooks between subjects and schools. The purpose of providing textbooks then, which is to enhance and strengthen the student’s capacity to learn, was defeated and rendered such books worthless.

The audit concluded that the shortcomings in the implementation of SEMP I and SEF programs discussed above were caused by the following:

1. Inadequate guidelines in the determination of the textbook requirements, distribution and effective utilization of available books;

2. The Division Office and the City Government’s failure to monitor the sufficiency of textbooks provided to students within the Division;

3. Lack of coordination among agencies involved in the implementation of SEMP I and SEF; and

4. Inadequate planning to manage the risks in the implementation of SEMP I and SEF that led to procurement of books in excess of the actual requirements and inequitable distribution of books.

The audit covered the implementation of textbook component under SEMP I and procurement of books under SEF from January 2001 to September 2002. The textbook program is again included in SEMP II to be implemented from September 2002 to December 2005 to complete the on-going reforms started in SEMP I. The Division Office and City Government are also continuously addressing the textbook needs of students. Therefore, for a more effective implementation of SEMP II and SEF and to avoid the occurrence of the problems discussed above, the Division Office and the City Government should seriously consider addressing these concerns.

MANAGEMENT'S REACTIONS TO AUDIT OBSERVATIONS

The results of audit were discussed with the City Administrator, the Division Superintendent and other City Government and Division Office officials in an exit conference conducted on October 28, 2002. Overall, the Division Office and the City Government acknowledge the team’s observations. The Division Office informed the team in writing on their willingness to implement the recommendations of the team to improve their performance. On the other hand, the City Government did not provide written comments.